This course is designed to support lab activities in CED 7252 and build upon Clinical Training Phase 1 lecture and lab courses. Objectives include building diagnostic and clinical decision making skills; promoting a broader and deeper clinical knowledge base especially in the realm of spinal disorders; refining the ability to do a literature search and assess and apply pre-appraised research literature to a clinical problem; and continue to develop attitudes and behaviors compatible with meeting professional obligations as they apply to this series of courses.